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Discovery
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DO YOU KNOW WHAT LIVES IN YOUR AIR AND WATER?
Listed below are various potentially dangerous microorganisms and the UV
dosages required to kill them.
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Bacteria |
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Bacillus anthracis |
8,700 |
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S. enteritidis |
7,600 |
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B. Megatherium sp. (veg.) |
2,500 |
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B. Megatherium sp. (spores) |
5,200 |
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B. paratyphosus |
6,100 |
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B. subtilis |
11,000 |
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B. subtilis spores |
22,000 |
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Clostridium tetani |
22,000 |
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Corynebacterium diphtheria |
6,500 |
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Eberthella typhosa |
4,100 |
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Escherichia coli |
6,600 |
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Leptospira |
6,000 |
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Micrococcus candidus |
12,300 |
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Micrococcus sphaeroides |
15,400 |
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
10,000 |
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Neisseria catarrhalis |
8,500 |
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Phytomonas tumefaciens |
8,500 |
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Proteus vulgaris |
6,600 |
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
10,500 |
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Pseudomonas Fluorescens |
6,600 |
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S. typhimurium |
15,200 |
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Salmonella |
10,000 |
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Salmonella typhosa |
4,100 |
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Sarcina lutea |
26,400 |
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Serratia marcescens |
6,160 |
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Dysentery baccili |
4,200 |
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Shigella dysenteriae |
4,200 |
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Shigella paradysenteriae |
3,400 |
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Spirillum rubrum |
6,160 |
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Staphlylococcus albus |
5,720 |
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Staphlylococcus aureus |
6,600 |
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Streptococcus hemolyticus |
5,500 |
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Streptococcus viridans |
3,800 |
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Vibrio cholerae |
6,500 |
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Mold Spores |
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Aspergillus flavus |
99,000 |
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Aspergillus glaucus |
88,000 |
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Aspergillus niger |
330,000 |
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Mucor racemosus A |
35,200 |
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Mucor racemosus B |
35,200 |
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Oospora lactis |
11,000 |
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Penicillium digitatum |
88,000 |
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Penicillium expansum |
22,000 |
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Rhizopus nigricans |
220,000 |
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Protozoa |
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Chlorella vulgaris (algae) |
22,000 |
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Nematode eggs |
92,000 |
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Paramecium |
200,000 |
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Virus |
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Bacteriophage (E. coli) |
6,600 |
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Influenza |
6,600 |
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Polio virus |
6,000 |
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Tobacco mosaic |
440,000 |
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Virus of Infectious Hepatitus |
8,000 |
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Disinfection: |
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All living organisms contain DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid). |
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DNA provides the mechanism for all functions needed to sustain life.
AQUVAIR systems emit UV light that penetrates the outer cell membrane
of microorganisms, passes through the cell body, reaches the DNA and
alters the genetic material. The microorganism is thereby destroyed in
a non-chemical manner and is unable to reproduce.
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TOC Reduction (total oxidizable carbon):
UV systems are also used for the effective reduction of organics,
commonly referred to as TOC.
Generated by a different quartz envelope material, the 185 nm
wavelength for TOC reduction is shorter, and consequently more
powerful than the 254 nm wavelength. In this case, UV energy promotes
hydroxial free radicals in varying degrees of photochemical
excitement. These hydroxyl (OH-) free radicals break various chemical
bonds of organics, which in turn produce chain reactions, oxidizing
most organics into CO2 and H2O - the basic |
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building blocks of all organic
compounds. Both TOC
reduction and microbial destruction occur with the use of
185 nm UV systems. AQUVAIR systems are capable of
achieving <0.5 ppb TOC Specification.
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Ozone Destruction:
In specific water treatment applications, ozone is applied
to the water stream to oxidize trace organics, or to disinfect the
piping and distribution system, but residual |
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ozone is often left behind. AQUVAIR
units add UV energy to ozone, catalyzing the ozone into harmless
oxygen. AQUVAIR units have Ozone destruction capability to 20-30
ppm. |
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Yeast |
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Bakers’ yeast |
8,800 |
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Brewers’ yeast |
6,600 |
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Common yeast cake |
13,200 |
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
13,200 |
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Saccharomyces ellipsoideus |
13,200 |
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Saccharomyces sp |
17,600 |
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Chlorine/Chloramine Destruction:
UV radiation can effectively eliminate residual
chlorine/chloramine present in water. Research studies in this area were
triggered by the recognition of the undesirable, negative effects of
conventional dechlorination technologies such as activated carbon filtration
and sodium metabisulfite injection. Both of these processes have significant
inherent drawbacks. Carbon beds are excellent breeding grounds for bacteria
to thrive and proliferate. Chemical addition involves the introduction of an
added substance and is therefore undesirable.
As an alternative to use of
chemicals and activated carbon beds, UV technology can be utilized to
destroy chlorine/chloramine, thereby eliminating the need for chemical
handling, bacteria problems, etc. Research studies have demonstrated
conclusively the Free Chlorine residuals over 1.0 ppm and Chloramine
residuals over 2.0 ppm can be successfully destroyed by the application of
UV radiation.
With decades of experience
in the semiconductor, bio-pharmaceutical and food and beverage industries,
AQUVAIR has a well-rounded understanding of the design and construction of
water systems for these applications, as well as in unique applications such
as aquaculture, cooling towers, and power generation systems. Our expertise
has expanded as the food and beverage industries have grown in their
preference for UV over traditional methods. With UV there is no change in
taste, chemical handling, chemical cost, removal of chlorine from the water
stream, or generation of byproducts.
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AQUVAIR, INC
